Tropical montane forests, found in high-altitude regions of the tropics, are unique and fragile ecosystems. They are home to a rich array of biodiversity, provide essential ecosystem services such as water regulation and carbon sequestration, and support the livelihoods of millions of people. However, these forests are increasingly threatened by climate change and human activities, leading to degradation and deforestation.

In the context of forest ecology and management, models play a crucial role in understanding the complex dynamics of forest ecosystems and predicting their responses to various disturbances and logging. However, the reliability of these models hinges on their ability to accurately represent real-world processes. This is where model validation comes into play.

Forest recovery after logging is essential for maintaining the ecological integrity of these ecosystems. It ensures the continued provision of vital ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and timber production. However, the speed and completeness of recovery depend on various factors, including the logging intensity, the types of trees harvested, and the overall health of the forest.

Neotropical forests, the lush and biodiverse ecosystems of Central and South America, are a cornerstone of our planet's health. These forests are not